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- That one change to how blackjacks get paid erases all the benefit of the “super fun” rules they give you and makes the house edge almost 3 times worse than regular blackjack. This game is not Blackjack. Spanish 21: This game is very popular in many parts of the country. Many of the same rules as above are also present in this.
- If the player is dealt an Ace and a ten-value card (called a 'blackjack' or ' natural '), and the dealer does not, the player wins and usually receives a bonus. If the player exceeds a sum of 21 ('busts'), the player loses, even if the dealer also exceeds 21. If the dealer exceeds 21 ('busts') and the player does not, the player wins.
Blackjack is by far the most popular card game in modern casinos across Europe and North America. Like many well-established games, its origins are not well documented. Most scholars consider blackjack to have some roots in a popular card game found at casino tables in 17th Century France, which was called Vingt-et-Un (which translates to 20 and 1), and obviously a precursor to the game 21 that we play today. There are candidates predating Vingt-et-Un, but most are poorly documented.
Soon, blackjack migrated to North America, where it gained a wide audience in the 18th Century among the colonists and then spread west through the 19th Century with the migration of pioneers. When Nevada legalised gambling in the early 20th Century, Blackjack was a mainstay of Las Vegas casinos. Since then it has evolved into many variations, as different casinos and different geographic regions adopted their own particular sets of rules.
Mastering the game of blackjack does not stop at just basic strategy. That only helps you choose when to hit or stand. Highly skilled 21 players know that splitting cards is a great way to maximize your profit potential. That’s especially true when the dealer’s up card suggests they have a relatively weak blackjack hand. Blackjack Split.
Blackjack rules – overview
In general, the idea of most blackjack games is to beat the Dealer’s hand by getting as close to, but without going over, 21, or busting as it is known. Many blackjack variations, both offline and online, share a common set of basic rules with a few subtle differences. The next few sections describe general blackjack rules and features.
Card values
- Aces count as 1 point or 11 points, whichever yields the highest total score without going bust.
- Face cards such as Kings, Queens, Jacks, and the number 10 each count as 10 points.
- Each card with a number (i.e. 2 through 9 points) count as their value.
Hand scoring
A player has “blackjack” when the first two cards they receive are an Ace and a face card or a 10 (All 10-point cards). In other words a score of 21 points from just two cards. Blackjack hands pay 3-to-2 immediately, with the one exception being if the dealer also jags blackjack, in which case it’s a push, which means no one wins.
In general, a tied hand is a push. However, a blackjack hand will beat a hand that equals “21” from a hand with 3 or more cards. As an example, an Ace-Jack will beat a King-7-4 hand. Despite both of the hand having the same point value, the all-important blackjack wins.
Casino cashier supervisor job description. All other successful hands are paid even money (1-to-1).
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A score of 22 or higher is a bust (i.e. a losing hand). When a player’s hand busts, the wager is immediately paid to the house. If all player hands bust, the Dealer wins outright and does not draw any cards, regardless of the Dealer’s hand score.
7-Card Charlie
Blackjack rules – game play
Betting: Players may place wagers in the dedicated area for each hand they wish to play. Many blackjack games offer multi-hand play, where players can choose to play from 1 to 3 hands simultaneously against the Dealer, others are single-hand play, when at least one qualifying bet is placed (i.e. meets the minimum bet requirement).
Dealing: When the Deal button is clicked or the game begins, the Dealer will deal two face-up cards to each Player hand that has a qualified bet, then one card (in European Blackjack and Single-Deck Blackjack) or two cards (all other rule variations) to the Dealer’s hand. For the Dealer’s hand, the first card is face up and the second, when allowed, is face down.
Checking for Blackjack: If the Dealer’s hand has two cards with an Ace showing, the Dealer will offer insurance. The Player may decline or accept insurance for each hand in play by clicking either Pass (decline) or Insure (accept, which places an additional wager equal to half the original wager for that hand). Then the Dealer will peek at the down card to check for Blackjack. If the Dealer has Blackjack, insurance wagers pay 2-to-1 and all original hand wagers lose (unless the player also has Blackjack, in which case there is no winner and bets are returned). If the Dealer does not have Blackjack, insurance wagers lose and play starts with the first player hand on the right.
In games where the Dealer starts with only one card, there is no checking for Blackjack and play starts with the first player hand on the right.
In games where the Dealer starts with only one card, there is no checking for Blackjack and play starts with the first player hand on the right.
Surrender Option: Some games offer a “surrender” option after the Dealer peeks and does not have Blackjack. If surrender is allowed, a player may concede a hand before playing it, forfeiting just half the wager for that hand.
Player’s hand: A Player with a hand not having Blackjack and not surrendered may draw more cards to try to total as close to the magical 21 as possible without busting or scoring 22 for instance. Player is free to stand at any point total or to ask for another card (a “hit”) at any point total under 21. Player may double, split, double-after-splitting or re-split according to the rules variation in play. When all player hands have played out and if at least one player hand stands at a point total of 21 or less, then play proceeds to the Dealer’s hand.
Dealer’s hand: The dealer reveals the face-down card or draws a second card and examines the point score to determine Dealer’s play. A few things the dealer must abide by include hitting on points totals of 16 or less and standing on values of 17 or more. Some rules variations require the Dealer to hit on a “Soft 17” (i.e. a 17 involving an Ace taken as 11 points).
If Dealer busts, then any player still in the game wins and are paid 1-to-1 on the wager. If Dealer stands on a point total, then Dealer point total is compared to each standing player hand, starting on the right, and all outstanding bets are resolved as either win, lose or push.
Common blackjack terms in gameplay
Bet: When the player places chips in their square or virtual circle to indicate they are playing this hand.
Re-bet: Common term you will find online, where it allows you to place the same bet that you played on the previous hand, on the next hand. Blackjack ski resort trail map.
Deal: The deal is when the person running the game begins. Often in online RNG games you will have a ‘deal’ button to kick off proceedings. Live dealer games will have a time limit countdown and the game will begin then.
Hit: Once you have received your cards you can choose to receive another.
Stand: This simply means you are happy with your hand and you won’t receive another.
Split: For starters, to split you must have enough bank to match your original wager, you then split your hand into two different ones. Both hands will get another card automatically as per the rules of the game, before you then play the hand out.
You are only allowed to split pairs, such as 10s, or Aces or eights, and most types of blackjack will only allow the one split, meaning you can’t split again for instance. Although some online versions will differ in this regard. Some games will also not allow you to split aces.
Double: Doubling down in blackjack means you double your bet. You will then receive one more card and your hand is completed. For instance if the dealer has an upcard 6 and you have an Ace it could be a good move to double down your bet, essentially giving you the chance to double your wager.
Insure: A player gets the opportunity to buy insurance when the dealer has an upcard Ace. This allows the player to place down an amount of half of their original bet. This means if the dealer has a 10 face down card your insurance bet wins paying 2 to 1. If the dealer does not have a 10 the insurance bet loses and you carry on playing the hand.
Surrender:This allows the player to bail out on a hand halfway through, forfeiting half the bet. Is not seen very often these days.
- Appendices
- Miscellaneous
- External Links
On This Page
Rules
I overhear a lot of bad gambling advice in the casinos. Perhaps the most frequent is this one, 'The object of blackjack is to get as close to 21 as possible, without going over.' No! The object of blackjack is to beat the dealer. To beat the dealer the player must first not bust (go over 21) and second either outscore the dealer or have the dealer bust. Here are the full rules of the game.
- Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks.
- Aces may be counted as 1 or 11 points, 2 to 9 according to pip value, and tens and face cards count as ten points.
- The value of a hand is the sum of the point values of the individual cards. Except, a 'blackjack' is the highest hand, consisting of an ace and any 10-point card, and it outranks all other 21-point hands.
- After the players have bet, the dealer will give two cards to each player and two cards to himself. One of the dealer cards is dealt face up. The facedown card is called the 'hole card.'
- If the dealer has an ace showing, he will offer a side bet called 'insurance.' This side wager pays 2 to 1 if the dealer's hole card is any 10-point card. Insurance wagers are optional and may not exceed half the original wager.
- If the dealer has a ten or an ace showing (after offering insurance with an ace showing), then he will peek at his facedown card to see if he has a blackjack. If he does, then he will turn it over immediately.
- If the dealer does have a blackjack, then all wagers (except insurance) will lose, unless the player also has a blackjack, which will result in a push. The dealer will resolve insurance wagers at this time.
- Play begins with the player to the dealer's left. The following are the choices available to the player:
- Stand: Player stands pat with his cards.
- Hit: Player draws another card (and more if he wishes). If this card causes the player's total points to exceed 21 (known as 'breaking' or 'busting') then he loses.
- Double: Player doubles his bet and gets one, and only one, more card.
- Split: If the player has a pair, or any two 10-point cards, then he may double his bet and separate his cards into two individual hands. The dealer will automatically give each card a second card. Then, the player may hit, stand, or double normally. However, when splitting aces, each ace gets only one card. Sometimes doubling after splitting is not allowed. If the player gets a ten and ace after splitting, then it counts as 21 points, not a blackjack. Usually the player may keep re-splitting up to a total of four hands. Sometimes re-splitting aces is not allowed.
- Surrender: The player forfeits half his wager, keeping the other half, and does not play out his hand. This option is only available on the initial two cards, and depending on casino rules, sometimes it is not allowed at all.
- After each player has had his turn, the dealer will turn over his hole card. If the dealer has 16 or less, then he will draw another card. A special situation is when the dealer has an ace and any number of cards totaling six points (known as a 'soft 17'). At some tables, the dealer will also hit a soft 17.
- If the dealer goes over 21 points, then any player who didn't already bust will win.
- If the dealer does not bust, then the higher point total between the player and dealer will win.
- Winning wagers pay even money, except a winning player blackjack usually pays 3 to 2. Some casinos have been short-paying blackjacks, which is a rule strongly in the casino's favor.
Wizard's Simple Strategy
I've been preaching for years that to play blackjack properly requires memorizing the basic strategy. However, after pitching the basic strategy for 20 years, I've learned that few people have the will to memorize it. In my book, Gambling 102, I presented a 'Simple Strategy,' which is seven simple rules to playing blackjack. The cost due to incorrect plays with the Simple Strategy is 0.53%, under liberal Vegas Strip rules.
Ever since my book was published it has bothered me that the cost in errors to my Simple Strategy was too high. So in September 2009 I developed the following 'Wizard's Strategy.' The cost due to imperfect plays is 0.14% only, relative to liberal Vegas Strip rules. That is the cost of one hand for about every 12 hours of play. Compared to the 250 cells in the Basic Strategy, the Wizard's Strategy has only 21, as follows.
Let me be perfectly clear that this strategy is not right 100% of the time. I continue to get Emails saying that when this strategy was used with my practice game, the player was corrected for following it. For example, my simple strategy says to stand on 12 against a 2, when it is mathematically better to hit. If you want to learn a strategy that is correct all the time you should use the appropriate basic strategy for the set of rules you are playing.
Here are some comments of clarification.
- A 'hard' hand is one that either has no aces, or has aces that are forced to count as point, lest the hand bust. A 'soft' hand is one with at least one ace, which may still count as one or eleven points.
- With a hard 10 or 11, double if you have more points than the dealer, treating a dealer ace as 11 points. Specifically, double with 10 against a 2 to 9, and with 11 against 2 to 10.
- If the strategy says to double, but you have three or more cards, or table rules don't allow soft doubling, then hit, except stand with a soft 18.
- If the strategy says to surrender (16 vs. 10), but you can't for whatever reason, then hit.
- If the strategy says to 'not split,' then treat the hand has a hard total of 8, 10, or 20, according to the pair in question.
A reader named Jeff provided another table of my simple strategy, with exceptions in small print. Details about the Wizard's Simple Strategy can be found in my Blackjack appendix 21.
Basic Strategy
For the appropriate basic strategy for just about any set of rules, please visit my basic strategy calculator. I still have my traditional charts too:House Edge
Play my custom-made blackjack game. A special feature is that it tells you when you make a mistake in basic strategy. Choose from various numbers of decks and rule variations.
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See my Blackjack House Edge Calculator to determine the house edge under 6,912 possible rule combinations.
Rule Surveys
Las Vegas: I'm proud to feature up date blackjack rules for every casino in Las Vegas. The list is updated monthly, based on Stanford Wong's Current Blackjack Newsletter. Effective November 2009 the survey has been moved to my companion site, WizardOfVegas.com.Rule Variations
Following is a list of some common rule variations and the effect on the player's expected return compared to standard U.S. rules (8 decks, dealer stands on soft 17, double after split allowed).
Rule Variations
Rule | Effect |
---|---|
Single deck | 0.48% |
Early surrender against ten | 0.24% |
Player may double on any number of cards | 0.23% |
Double deck | 0.19% |
Player may draw to split aces | 0.19% |
Six-card Charlie | 0.16% |
Player may resplit aces | 0.08% |
Late surrender | 0.08% |
Four decks | 0.06% |
Five decks | 0.03% |
Six decks | 0.02% |
Split to only 3 hands | -0.01% |
Player may double on 9-11 only | -0.09% |
Split to only 2 hands | -0.10% |
European no hole card | -0.11% |
Player may not double after splitting | -0.14% |
Player may double on 10,11 only | -0.18% |
Dealer hits on soft 17 | -0.22% |
Blackjack pays 7-5 | -0.45% |
Blackjack pays 6-5 | -1.39% |
Blackjacks pay 1 to 1 | -2.27% |
Beware Short Pays on a Blackjack
More and more tables are showing up that pay less than the full 3 to 2 on a blackjack. Most of these tables pay 6 to 5, but some even money and 7 to 5 tables are known to exist. I would estimate that 10% of '21' tables in Las Vegas now pay less than 3 to 2. In my opinion, only games that pay 3 to 2 deserve to be called 'blackjack,' the rest fall under '21' games, including Super Fun 21 and Spanish 21. Regardless of the other rules, you should demand nothing less than 3 to 2 blackjack. You should always check the felt to be sure, and if the felt doesn't say, look for a sign. If nothing says the win on a blackjack, then ask.
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Articles about 6-5 Blackjack:- Taking a hit: New blackjack odds further tilt advantage toward the house, Las Vegas Sun, Nov. 13, 2003.
- Tighter blackjack rules would hurt players' bankroll, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Feb. 4, 2011.
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Bad Strategies
Three popular bad strategies encountered at the blackjack table are: never bust, mimic the dealer, and always assume the dealer has a ten in the hole. All three are very bad strategies. Following are my specific comments on each of them, including the house edge under Atlantic City rules (dealer stands on soft 17, split up to 4 hands, double after split, double any two cards) of 0.43%.
Never bust: For my analysis of this strategy I assumed the player would never hit a hard 12 or more. All other decisions were according to correct basic strategy. This 'never bust' strategy results in a house edge of 3.91%.
Mimic the dealer: For my analysis of this strategy I assumed the player would always hit 16 or less and stand on17 or more, including a soft 17. The player never doubled or split, since the dealer is not allowed to do so. This 'mimic the dealer' strategy results in a house edge of 5.48%.
Assume a ten in the hole: For this strategy I first figured out the optimal basic strategy under this assumption. If the dealer had an ace up, then I reverted to proper basic strategy, because the dealer would have peeked for blackjack, making a 10 impossible. This 'assume a ten' strategy results in a house edge of 10.03%.
Play Blackjack
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Written by: Michael Shackleford